An Architecture for Spatial Networking
Josh Millar, Ryan Gibb, Roy Ang, Hamed Haddadi, and Anil Madhavapeddy.
Working paper at arXiv.
Physical spaces are increasingly dense with networked devices, promising seamless coordination and ambient intelligence. Yet today, cloud-first architectures force all communication through wide-area networks regardless of physical proximity. We lack an abstraction for spatial networking: using physical spaces to create boundaries for private, robust, and low-latency communication.
We introduce Bifrost, a programming model that realizes spatial networking using bigraphs to express both containment and connectivity, enabling policies to be scoped by physical boundaries, devices to be named by location, the instantiation of spatial services, and the composition of spaces while maintaining local autonomy. Bifr\textbackslash"ost enables a new class of spatially-aware applications, where co-located devices communicate directly, physical barriers require explicit gateways, and local control bridges to global coordination.
Older versions
There are earlier revisions of this paper available below for historical reasons. Please cite the latest version of the paper above instead of these.
This is v1 of the publication from Jul 2025.
Bifröst: Spatial Networking with Bigraphs
Josh Millar, Ryan Gibb, Roy Ang, Anil Madhavapeddy, and Hamed Haddadi.
Working paper at arXiv.