Journal paper on interacting with mobile services using camera-phones. This Personal and Ubiquitous Computing article presents both qualitative user-experience studies and quantitative pointing-device experiments with visual tags. We found that novice users could aim and click on visual tags remarkably quickly (under 3 seconds on average) and accurately (meeting our 6% error-rate threshold). The work with Eleanor Toye Scott, Richard Sharp, and others revealed positive attitudes toward visual-tag applications while identifying important reservations about camera-phone technology more generally, providing concrete design lessons for future mobile interaction systems.
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